Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients with Plasma Cell Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic response and prognosis of patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and improve the understanding of this disease.@*METHODS@#The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatment response of 27 patients with plasma cell leukemia treated in The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2010 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, and their clinical characteristics were summarized. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.@*RESULTS@#There were 18 cases of primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) and 9 cases of secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL). The male to female ratio was 1.7∶1. The median age was 62 years old. The first manifestations were bone pain, fatigue, fever, splenomegaly and bleeding, and a large number of plasma cell infiltration was observed in the morphological examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. 13 cases were detected by immunotyping and all of them expressed CD38/CD138. 8 cases underwent karyotype analysis, and 3 cases were normal, clonal abnormalities occurred in 5 cases. FISH detection was performed in 12 cases, of which 8 cases were abnormal. In 17 cases of bortezomib based chemotherapy, the ovevall response rate was 52.9%, which was higher than that in the non-bortezomib group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.242). The overall median survival time of 27 patients was 6.4 months, the median progression-free survival time was 3.5 months, and the median survival time of patients with pPCL and sPCL was 8.2 months and 2.4 months, respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.031).@*CONCLUSION@#PCL is highly invasive and has diverse clinical manifestations, and is not sensitive to traditional chemotherapy. The median survival time of patients with pPCL is relatively longer than that of patients with sPCL. The chemotherapy regimen based on bortezomib improves the treatment effectiveness and prolongs the survival time of PCL patients.

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and efficacy of hypomethylating agent (HMA) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 37 newly diagnosed patients with CMML was analyzed retrospectively, and their clinical characteristics and the efficacy of HMA were summarized. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test were used for univariate survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#The median age at diagnosis was 67 years old. Their common manifestations included fatigue, bleeding, abnormal blood routine and fever. Most patients had splenomegaly. According to FAB classification, there were 6 cases of myelodysplastic CMML and 31 cases of myeloproliferative CMML, while according to WHO classification, 8 patients belonged to CMML-0, 9 patients to CMML-1 and 20 patients to CMML-2. At the time of diagnosis, the median white blood cell count was 32.84×109/L, median hemoglobin (Hb) was 101 g/L, median platelet count was 65×109/L, median absolute monocyte count was 9.53×109//L, median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 11.29×109//L and median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 374 U/L. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 4 cases among the 31 patients who underwent karyotype analysis or fluorescence in situ hybridization detection. There were 12 patients who had analyzable results and gene mutations were identified in 11 cases, including ASXL1, NRAS, TET2, SRSF2 and RUNX1. Among the 6 patients who were treated with HMA and could be evaluated for efficacy, 2 patients achieved complete remission, 1 patient achieved partial remission and 2 patients achieved clinical benefit. Compared with the non-HMA treatment group, overall survival (OS) time was not significantly prolonged in the HMA treatment group. Univariate analysis showed that Hb<100 g/L, ANC≥12×109/L, LDH≥250 U/L and peripheral blood (PB) blasts ≥5% were significantly associated with poor OS, while WHO classification CMML-2, Hb<100 g/L, ANC≥12×109/L, LDH≥250 U/L and PB blasts≥5% were significantly associated with poor leukemia-free survival (LFS) (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that ANC≥12×109/L and PB blasts≥5% were significantly associated with poor OS and LFS (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#CMML has high heterogeneity in clinical characteristics, genetic changes, prognosis and treatment response. HMA can not significantly improve the survival of CMML patients. ANC≥12×109/L and PB blasts≥5% are independent prognostic factors of OS and LFS in patients with CMML.

Gegen Qinliantang Regulates Polarization Tendency of Macrophages to Intervene in Vulnerable Plaque in AS of ApoE-/- Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism underlying the intervention of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） in vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis （AS） of ApoE-/- mice by regulating the polarization of macrophages. MethodTwelve normal C57BL/6CNC mice were used as the control group， and 60 ApoE-/- mice of the same line were randomized into 5 groups： model group， low-dose， middle-dose， and high-dose GQL groups （GQL-D， GQL-Z， and GQL-G groups， respectively）， and atorvastatin group （western medicine group）. High-fat diet was used for modeling. The control group and the model group were given （ig） equal volume of sterile distilled water， and GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G， and western medicine groups received （ig） corresponding concentration of drugs for 8 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were detected with biochemical methods. The distribution of plaques in the aortic region was observed based on oil red O staining and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of M1 pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-6 and M2 anti-inflammatory factors IL-13 and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Protein expression of macrophage mannose receptor CD206/arginase-1 （Arg-1） and CD206/inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） was determined by double-labeling immunofluorescence， and mRNA expression of aortic Arg-1 and iNOS by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. ResultLevels of TG， TC， and LDL-C were significantly lower and HDL-C level was significantly higher in the GQL-Z， GQL-G， and western medicine groups than in the model group. As the concentration of GQL rose， the area with plaques gradually shrunk and the color became lighter. The staining areas of the GQL-G group and the western medicine group were the most scattered. The administration groups showed significant increase in the protein levels of Arg-1 and CD206， significant decrease in the protein level of iNOS， significant rise of Arg-1 mRNA level， and significant drop of iNOS mRNA level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGQL intervenes in the vulnerable plaques in AS by improving lipid metabolism， inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization， promoting macrophage M2 polarization， and further improving the inflammatory microenvironment.

Explore Potential Molecular Mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in Intervention of Atherosclerosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） in the intervention of atherosclerosis （AS） based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. MethodThe active components and targets of each medicinal in GQL were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and AS-related genes from 7 databases. Thereby， the anti-AS targets of GQL were screened out. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was employed to construct the "component-target" network， and STRING the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Core targets were screened out with CytoNCA. R clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment of target genes， which were then visualized. Finally， molecular docking of the top ten active components with the core targets of AS was performed and the binding affinity was compared with that between atorvastatin and the core targets. ResultIn the end， 150 active components of GQL， 20 289 AS targets， and 213 common targets were retrieved， and 48 core common targets were screened out. They were mainly involved in the GO terms of nuclear receptor activity， ligand activation， and transcription factor activity and the pathways of fluid shear force and AS， advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products （AGE/RAGE）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， Toll-like receptor pathways and other signaling pathways closely related to AS. The molecular docking results showed that the effective components of GQL had high binding affinity to core targets of AS， and the binding affinity was even higher than that between the atorvastatin and core targets. The five groups with high binding affinity were puerarin-TNF， baicalein-inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 （NOS2）， puerarin-NOS2， and formononetin-NOS2， wogonin-NOS2. ConclusionThe above result provides new ideas for further exploration of this classical decoction.

Mechanism of Borneolum Syntheticum Effect on Central Nervous and Vascular System Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In traditional Chinese medicine, Borneolum Syntheticum, a representative drug of aromatic orifice, is often widely used in the clinical treatment of neurotic diseases.In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have studied and analyzed the effective components and pharmacological effects of Borneolum Syntheticum,and it is considered that Borneolum Syntheticum alone has a significant effect on brain diseases.In this paper, the mechanism of Borneolum Syntheticum on cerebral circulatory system and central nervous system is discussed.In inhibiting brain injury, Borneolum Syntheticum can reduce neuronal vascular endothelial injury, reduce brain edema and decrease the content of Ca2+ in ischemic brain tissue.In the aspect of anti-inflammation, Borneolum Syntheticum can reduce the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), the number of leukocyte infiltration, the number of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) positive vessels and the number of TNF-α positive cells.In regulating the blood-brain barrier, Borneolum Syntheticum can increase the expression of zonula occluden-1(ZO-1) and claudin-5 protein in microvascular endothelial cells.The strength of the transdermal absorption of the Borneolum Syntheticum may be related to its configuration, the ability to extract the lipid, and the hydrophilicity.The effect of Borneolum Syntheticum on improving the bioavailability of other drugs is widely used in clinic.Nasal administration of Borneolum Syntheticum can bypass blood-brain barrier (BBB), and reach the central nervous system of the brain. It has a good prospect in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.In the treatment of brain diseases such as seizures and Alzheimer' s disease, the mechanism of Borneolum Syntheticum is closely related to its effect on various brain neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glycine acid(GLY), D-aspartic acid(ASP), glutamic acid(GLU),β-endorphin(β-EP), norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA). However, the experimental results are not the same. It may be related to the different dosage and time of Borneolum Syntheticum administration, which needs to be studied.

Detection and Analysis of Candida Albicans Enolase Antigen-Specific T Cells in Heathy Individuals by ELISPOT Assay / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To observe the T cells immune response to Enolase (Eno),an immunodominant antigen of Candida albicans.Methods Determined the frequencies of positive spot-forming cells (SFCs) of Eno antigen-specific T cells secreting IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A in the PBMCs of 25 healthy individuals by ELISPOT assay.Results After Eno stimulation,the SFCs of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL 17A in 25 healthy persons were 14.00(8.50,39.00),0(0,0) and 2(1,4.50),respectively.Either the SFCs of IFN-γ or those of IL-17A were significantly higher than those of IL-4 (P＜0.05).The difference between SFCs of IFN-γ and those of IL-17A was also significant (P=0).The response rates of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A were 100％ (25/25),4.00％ (1/25) and 88.00％ (22/25),respectively.The difference between either IFN-γor IL 17A and IL-4 was significant (values all P＜0.05).Eno induced strong response (SCFs≥20) for IFN-γ in 10 healthy individuals (40.00％,10/25),but failed to induce strong response for IL-17A and IL-4 in all the volunteers.Major healthy individuals (84.00％,21/25)showed both Th1 and Th17 cells response against Eno,12.00％ (3/25) showing Th1 cells response in isolation,and none showed Th2 or Th17 cells response individually.Conclusion Eno of Candida albicans could induce immunodominant responses of Th1 and Th17 cells,which was considered to provide protection to IC.Eno might be a potential protective vaccine against IC.

Characteristics and Impact Factors of Renal Threshold for Glucose Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are newly developed but promising medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, patients with a different renal threshold for glucose excretion (RT(G)) may have a different reaction to this medicine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of RT(G) and its impact factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical and laboratory data of 36 healthy individuals and 168 in-hospital patients with T2DM were collected and analyzed, RTG was calculated using blood glucose (BG) measured by dynamic BG monitoring, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The characteristics of RT(G) were investigated. The risk factors for high RT(G) were analyzed using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Our results found that RT(G) of the T2DM group was higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); and 22.22% from the healthy individuals group but 58.33% from the T2DM group had high RT(G). Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were independently associated with high RT(G) (P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis revealed that RT(G) in T2DM patients increased with age, duration of diabetes, and BMI. In conclusion, RT(G) is increased in patients with T2DM, especially in those with longer diabetic duration, higher BMI, and those who are older. Therefore, these patients may be more sensitive to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Investigation on biological characteristics of CD133+ cancer stem cells in human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biology characters of CD133+ cancer stem cells from Hep-2 cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Flow cytometry was applied to purify CD133+ cells from Hep-2 cell line. The sorted CD133+ cells were cultured in RPMI1640. The ability of migration, invasion and clonality of CD133+ cells were performed to characterize the properties of the cells. CD133+ cells and CD133- control cells were treated with paclitaxel and exposed respectively to X-rays emitted by linear accelerator with a dose of 10 Gy. The surviving rates and growth inhibition ratio of cells in two groups were detected with MTT assay to observe the resistance to irradiation and chemotherapy in CD133+ cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of CD133+ cells in the unsorted and the sorted cells were 3.1% +/- 0.2% and 90.2% +/- 5.5%, respectively. CD133+ cells showed the higher proliferation and colony ability than CD133- cells. The numbers of CD133+ and CD133- cells that passed the membrane of Transwell chamber were 526 +/- 39 and 220 +/- 20 respectively (t = 22.08, P < 0.001). The colony forming units of three passages were 30.0% +/- 4.7%, 32.2% + 3.6%, 32.7% + 3.4% in CD133 cells and 15.2% +/- 2.2%, 12.0% + 2.5%, 13.8% +/- 3.3% in CD133- cells. There were statistic difference between two groups (t = 8.99, t = 14.66, t = 12.69, P < 0.01). At 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment with paclitaxel, the cell surviving rates of CD133+ cells were 90.1% +/- 5.9%, 85.1% +/- 7.1% and 70.3% +/- 6.4% and lower than those of CD133- cells, respectively (t = 5.24, t = 8.18, t = 8.14, P < 0.01) . After radiotherapy, growth inhibition ratio of CD133+ and CD133- cells were 30.0% +/- 7.1% and 55.0% +/- 6.3% (t = 8.30, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD133+ cells exist in a small proportion in Hep-2 cell line and they show the properties of cancer stem cells, with the resistance to irradiation and chemotherapy.</p>

Effect of simulated microgravity and its associated mechanism on pulmonary circulation in rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Simulated Microgravity and its Associated Mechanism on Pulmonary Circulation in Rats).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat tail-suspension model was used to simulate the physiological effects of microgravity and changes in pulmonary blood vessel morphology, pulmonary arterial and venous blood pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vasomotoricity, as well as the regulation of pulmonary circulation by cytokines produced and released by the lung of rats were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The walls of pulmonary blood vessels of rats were thickened, and the pulmonary artery was reconstructed with increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The pulmonary blood vessels of rats became more prone to dilation as contractions increased. Rat epithelial Adrenomedulin gene transcription and protein expression were upregulated. The level of basic fibroblast growth Factor of rat was also elevated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Findings from the present study on rats revealed that the microgravity can affect pulmonary blood vessel structure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary blood vessel self-regulation and cytokine production.</p>

Correlation of CT presentation with histo-differentiation and p53 and Ki67 expressions in gastric cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between spiral CT findings and histological differentiation and expressions of p53 and Ki67 in gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Triphasic spiral CT was performed in 158 patients. CT findings included maximal diameter and thickness of tumor in three dimensional CT images, degree of enhancement, mucous situation, lymph nodes, and visceral metastasis were recorded. The expressions of p53 and Ki67 were detected with immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The thickness of tumor (chi2 = 5.554, P = 0.018), degree of enhancement (chi2 = 4.978, P = 0.026), and lymph nodes metastasis (chi2 = 6.061, P = 0.014) in the three dimensional CT images were significantly correlated with tumor histological differentiation. Lymph nodes metastasis was significantly correlated with the expression of p53 (chi2 = 5.028, P = 0.025). The expression of Ki67 was significantly correlated with the thickness of tumor (chi2 = 5.674, P = 0.017) and lymph nodes metastasis (chi2 = 5.028, P = 0.025).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multi-slice CT is a simple and noninvasive technique, and can be used for assessing the histological differentiation of gastric cancer as well as the expressions of p53 and Ki67 before the operation.</p>

Value of multi slice spiral computed tomography in diagnosing lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative evaluation of lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 45 patients with gastric cancer detected by 64-slice spiral CT were enrolled in this study. The potential lymph node metastasis was evaluated by measuring or calculating the long diameter, extent of enhancement, and short-to-long diameter ratio of the lymph nodes. The results were compared with postoperative pathological findings.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A long diameter ≥ 8mm,enhanced density ≥ 80Hu, and short-to-long diameter ratio ≥ 0.7 had the best consistency with postoperative pathological findings.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a simple and noninvasive technique, multi-slice spiral CT is helpful to identify potential lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer based on long diameter, extent of enhancement, and short-to-long diameter ratio of the lymph nodes, and thus provide important information for surgery selection, prognosis, and development of new procedures.</p>

Expressions of SE-1, CD31 and CD105 in the vascular endothelial cells and serum of rat with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. In order to investigate the molecular biologic mechanism of HCC's development, we studied the expressions of SE-1, CD105 and CD31 in tumor endothelial cells (TECs) of HCC and in the serum of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed the expressions of SE-1, CD31 and CD105 in rat HCC tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Twenty HCC bearing rats and eighteen normal rats were examined for the expressions of SE-1, CD31 and CD105 antigens in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SE-1, CD31 and CD105 antigens were detected both in HCC tissue and in normal liver tissue with higher expressions of CD31 and CD105 in HCC while the SE-1 antigen expression was higher in normal liver. Similarly, serum CD31 and CD105 in rats with HCC were significantly increased compared with normal rats (t = 2.8628, P = 0.0086; t = 4.4922, P < 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, SE-1 antigen in HCC rat serum was significantly decreased compared with normal rats (t = 3.4983, P = 0.0011).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SE-1, CD31 and CD105 are closely related with liver tumor angiogenesis, which is similar to their performances in terms of their expressions in the serum.</p>

Compare the outcome of ureteroscopic lithotripsy with ureteroscopic management after failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral calculi / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and complication of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and ureteroscopic management for ureteral calculi after failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-six cases with ureteral calculi after failed ESWL and 189 cases with ureteral calculi were treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). Clinical data of two groups were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operating time and therapeutic time in ESWL-URSL group was longer than that in URSL group, while the rate of polypi hyperplasia and open-surgery in ESWL-URSL group was 34.6%, 5.88% versus 28.3%, 1.59% in URSL group. There is no significant statistical difference in stone-free rate between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ureteroscopic management can be preferred for the patients with disadvantage of ESWL in some condition.</p>

The expression of NGF after rat diffuse axonal injury / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rat.@*METHODS@#Eighty SD rats were used and samples were taken at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 d, and 7 d after brain injury. The expressions of NGF in cerebral cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, and hippocampus were studied with immunohistochemistry and compared with normal group and sham operation group.@*RESULTS@#Low expression of NGF was observed in normal group and sham operation group. The expression of NGF increased 1 h after injury, peaked at 12 h, and returned to basal level at day 7.@*CONCLUSION@#NGF is involved in repair of DAI. The changes of NGF expression following DAI may be applied to estimate the post-injury time interval of the brain in forensic medicine.

Character study of content and correlativity of elements in Radix Astragali obtained from different regions / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characters of concentration of 42 elements in Radix Astragali and make an attempt at looking for relationship between the element concentration and regions where samplers are obtained.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Determining the content of elements in 40 Radix Astragali samples from 7 different provinces by ICP-MS, AFS and ASS. Analyzing the correlation of elements in Radix Astragali using statistic software (Spss).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Firstly, similar lines of element concentration have been acquired in our research. Secondly, it is observed that the content of elements in the samples shows regional diversity. Thirdly, there are 346 correlative element pairs in correlate analysis. And some of them indicate remarkable correlativity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the aid of obtained results, it is concluded that element content in Radix Astragali display special distributing line. Remarkable correlation is presented in some element pairs. The quality of Radix Astragali gained from Neimeng, Shanxi and Gansu are better than those from other regions.</p>

Influence of avian influenza virus NS1 protein on the expression of IP-10 in BEAS-2B cells / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of avian influenza virus (AIV) NS1 protein on the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NSI gene from virus A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1), NS1 gene inserted with 80-84 amino acids from virus A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) and NS1 gene from virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1, and transfected into BEAS-2B cells, IP-10 expression level in transfected cells was detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group pEGFP-N1, expression of these three different NS1 genes can down-regulate the expression of IP-10 in BEAS-2B cells, but there is no significant difference as to the lower level among them.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NS1 protein of A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) can down-regulate the expression level of IP-10, but this may not clarify its relationship with the virulence of AIV.</p>

Progress in the studies of premature ejaculation / 中华男科学杂志

Premature ejaculation is a common but incompletely understood male sexual dysfunction. Recent years have witnessed fruitful researches on NO in the mechanism of male ejaculation and successful application of selective PDE5 inhibitor in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. And now the researches on the etiopathogenesis, mechanism, diagnosis and therapy of premature ejaculation have achieved great development. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been widely applied to clinical practice, but with increasing adverse effects. The purpose of the review is to introduce the updated development of the epidemiology, definition, etiopathogenesis, mechanism and therapy of premature ejaculation, and to provide some reference for the diagnosis and management of the problem.

Inhibition of sodium channels in acutely isolated hippocampal neurons by scorpion venom heat resistant protein / 生理学报

The effects of scorpion venom heat resistant protein (SVHRP) on sodium channel were studied in freshly isolated hippocampal neurons in rat using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results indicated that tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-dependent sodium current in hippocampal neurons was inhibited by SVHRP in a dose-dependent manner. The half-inhibition concentration (IC(50)) was (0.0034+/-0.0004) microg/mL, Hill constant (n) was 0.4361+/-0.0318. After SVHRP application, a clear shift of the activation curve of Na(+) channel was shown towards more depolarized potential, resulting in channel opening at more positive membrane potentials. In the presence of 0.1 mug/mL SVHRP, the voltage for half-activation (V(1/2)) and the slope factor of the activation curve were (-23.96+/-0.41) mV and 3.73+/-0.08 (n=8, P<0.05) compared with the control recordings of (-34.38+/-0.62) mV and 4.52+/-0.52 (n=16), respectively. Averaged and normalized curve of steady-state inactivation of Na(+) channel was shifted towards negative potential after treatment of 0.1 and 0.01 mug/mL SVHRP. In the presence of 0.1 mug/mL SVHRP, the voltage for half-inactivation (V(1/2)) and the slope factor determined by a sigmoid fit of the inactivation curve were (-50.69+/-2.55) mV (n=8, P<0.01) and 5.49+/-0.72 (n=8, P<0.05) compared with the control recordings of (-32.60+/-1.52) mV and 6.73+/-0.51 (n=16), respectively. These results suggest that SVHRP blocks the voltage-dependent sodium currents and alters the sodium channel kinetics to decrease the excitability of neurons. This might be an interpretation for the antiepileptic effects of SVHRP.

Elemental contents in organs and tissues of Chinese adult men / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide basis of reference values for relevant parameters of Chinese Reference Man.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen kinds of major organ or tissue samples, including muscle, rib, liver, and so on, were obtained from 4 areas (Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Sichuan provinces) with different dietary patterns in China in autopsy of 16 healthy adult men, who had just encountered sudden deaths. At the same time, whole blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers living in each of these areas. The concentrations of 56 elements in these samples were detected by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) techniques. Based on obtained concentrations and reference values of these organ or tissue weights for Chinese Reference Man, the relative elemental burdens in these organs or tissues as well whole body were also estimated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of 56 elements in 18 main organs or tissues were determined all together and their elemental organ or tissue and whole body burdens were estimated. Furthermore, the distributions of important elements for radiation protection in these organs or tissues were emphatically discussed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By summing with past related results, the total results obtained from the series of research may provide more reliable and better representative basis of these reference values for Chinese Reference Man than before.</p>

Preliminary attempt at the speciation of 25-elements in the Chinese medicinal herbs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make an attempt at the multi-element speciation in the Chinese medicinal herbs by determining the concentrations of 25 elements in different extraction solutions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Firstly, five Chinese medicinal herbs (Buddleja officinalis, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Myristica fragrans, Albizia judibrissin and Inula japonica) from the same region of China were treated to obtain water-soluble phase, lipid-soluble phase and non-soluble phase by water extraction, organic solvent extraction and acid digestion, respectively. Secondly, Phytolacca acinosa, a Chinese medicinal herb collected from 9 regions of China, was extracted by 0% EtOH, 50% EtOH, 75% EtOH, 95% EtOH, respectively, referring the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Finally, the concentrations of 25 elements, such as Be, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Tl, Pb and REEs, in the above three phases were determined by ICP-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under the optimal conditions, all the 25 elements could be determined with detection limits ranged from 0.003 to 0.71 ng x g(-1). The average recoveries of the elements in P. acinosa were 88% approximately 119%, with the relative standard deviations 1.7% approximately 13.3%. It was observed that the determined 25 elements distributed in all the water-soluble, lipid-soluble and non-soluble phases, indicating that the inorganic species, organicspecies, as well as the protein bound species were coexisted in the herbs. Big differences of the element extraction rates could be found by using different ethanol solutions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the aid of the obtained results, we may increase the extraction of necessary elements while decrease that of the toxic elements from the herbs by choosing a suitable solvent during the drug production.</p>